Drugs Xagena
Heart disease is a common cause of serious illness and death in smokers and is often a reason for people to stop smoking. Varenicline ( Chantix, Champix ) is one of the most commonly used drugs to help people quit smoking worldwide. When Varenicline was launched in 2006, the FDA ( Food and Drug Administration ) safety reviewers reported that existing data indicated it could raise the risk of adverse cardiac events.
The FDA recently updated the label for Chantix based on a small increased risk of cardiovascular events among smokers with heart disease.
A team of researchers from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; and Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, sought to investigate the serious cardiac effects of Varenicline in tobacco users ( smokers or smokeless tobacco users ) compared with placebos in clinical trials.
They looked at 14 trials that included 8216 patients ( 4908 people on Varenicline and 3308 taking placebos ). All trials except one excluded people with a history of heart disease.
In the study, 52 of 4908 ( 1.06% ) participants taking Varenicline had adverse events compared with 27 of 3308 ( 0.82% ) participants on placebo. Seven of the 4908 people taking Varenicline died compared with 7 of 3308 receiving placebo.
However, despite achieving more than twofold higher rates of abstinence in the trials, which should potentially induce a cardiovascular benefit, the participants allocated to Varenicline experienced an increase in the risk of serious adverse cardiovascular events. These increased risks of adverse cardiovascular events are seen in smokers with or without heart disease.
Researchers noted additional risks of depression, agitation and suicidal thoughts which resulted in the FDA issuing a boxed warning for the drug.
Despite study limitations such as variable data and lack of statistical strength, the researchers conclude that clinicians should carefully balance the risk of serious cardiovascular events and other serious neuropsychiatric adverse events associated with Varenicline against their known benefits on smoking cessation.
According to Taylor Hays from the Mayo Clinic, although these results suggest a measure of caution should be taken in prescribing Varenicline for tobacco dependence treatment, the small absolute risk of cardiovascular events associated with Varenicline treatment is outweighed by the enormous benefit for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that can be achieved with successful smoking abstinence.
Source: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2011
XagenaMedicine_2011
