Drugs Xagena
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) has approved Mounjaro ( Tirzepatide ) injection to improve blood glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes, as an addition to diet and exercise.
Mounjaro was effective at improving blood sugar and was more effective than the other diabetes therapies with which it was compared in clinical studies.
Type 2 diabetes, the most common form of diabetes, is a chronic and progressive condition in which the body does not make or use insulin normally, leading to high levels of glucose in the blood.
More than 30 million Americans have type 2 diabetes.
Despite the availability of many medications to treat diabetes, many patients do not achieve the recommended blood glucose goals.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide ( GIP ) are hormones involved in blood glucose control.
Mounjaro is a first-in-class medicine that activates both the GLP-1 and GIP receptors, which leads to improved blood glucose control.
Mounjaro is administered by injection under the skin once weekly, with the dose adjusted as tolerated to meet blood glucose goals.
Three different doses of Mounjaro ( 5 milligrams, 10 milligrams and 15 milligrams ) were evaluated in five clinical trials as either a stand-alone therapy or as an add-on to other diabetes medicines.
The efficacy of Mounjaro was compared to placebo, a GLP-1 receptor agonist ( Semaglutide ) and two long-acting Insulin analogs.
On average, patients randomized to receive the maximum recommended dose of Mounjaro ( 15 milligrams ) had lowering of their hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) level ( a measure of blood glucose control ) by 1.6% more than placebo when used as stand-alone therapy, and 1.5% more than placebo when used in combination with a long-acting Insulin.
In trials comparing Mounjaro to other diabetes medications, patients who received the maximum recommended dose of Mounjaro had lowering of their HbA1c by 0.5% more than Semaglutide, 0.9% more than Insulin degludec and 1.0% more than Insulin glargine.
Obesity was common among study participants, with an average body mass index of 32 to 34 kilograms/height in meters squared reported at the time of enrollment.
Among patients randomized to the maximum recommended dose, the average weight loss with Mounjaro was 15 pounds more than placebo when neither were used with Insulin and 23 pounds more than placebo when both were used with Insulin. The average weight loss with the maximum recommended dose of Mounjaro was 12 pounds more than Semaglutide, 29 pounds more than Insulin degludec and 27 pounds more than Insulin glargine.
Those patients receiving insulin without Mounjaro tended to gain weight during the study.
Mounjaro can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, constipation, upper abdominal discomfort and abdominal pain.
Mounjaro causes thyroid C-cell tumors in rats. It is unknown whether Mounjaro causes such tumors, including medullary thyroid cancer, in humans.
Mounjaro should not be used in patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or in patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia ( MEN ) syndrome type 2.
Mounjaro has not been studied in patients with a history of pancreas inflammation ( pancreatitis ), and it is not indicated for use in patients with type 1 diabetes. ( Xagena )
Source: FDA, 2022
XagenaMedicine_2022
