Drugs Xagena
The FDA ( U.S. Food and Drug Administration ) has approved Tibsovo ( Ivosidenib ) tablets for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) who have a specific genetic mutation.
This is the first drug in its class ( IDH1 inhibitors ) and is approved for use with an FDA-approved companion diagnostic used to detect specific mutations in the IDH1 gene in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
Acute myeloid leukemia is a rapidly progressing cancer that forms in the bone marrow and results in an increased number of abnormal white blood cells in the bloodstream and bone marrow.
The National Cancer Institute ( NCI ) at the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) estimates that approximately 19,520 people will be diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia this year; approximately 10,670 patients with acute myeloid leukemia will die of the disease in 2018.
Tibsovo is an isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 inhibitor that works by decreasing abnormal production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate ( 2-HG ), leading to differentiation of malignant cells.
If the IDH1 mutation is detected in blood or bone marrow samples using an FDA-approved test, the patient may be eligible for treatment with Tibsovo.
The Agency has also approved the RealTime IDH1 Assay, a companion diagnostic that can be used to detect this mutation.
The efficacy of Tibsovo was studied in a single-arm trial of 174 adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia with an IDH1 mutation.
The trial measured the percentage of patients with no evidence of disease and full recovery of blood counts after treatment ( complete remission or CR ), as well as patients with no evidence of disease and partial recovery of blood counts after treatment ( complete remission with partial hematologic recovery or CRh ).
With a median follow-up of 8.3 months, 32.8% of patients experienced a CR or CRh that lasted a median 8.2 months.
Of the 110 patients who required transfusions of blood or platelets due to acute myeloid leukemia at the start of the study, 37% went at least 56 days without requiring a transfusion after treatment with Tibsovo.
Common side effects of Tibsovo include fatigue, increase in white blood cells, joint pain, diarrhea, shortness of breath, swelling in the arms or legs, nausea, pain or sores in the mouth or throat, irregular heartbeat ( QT prolongation ), rash, fever, cough and constipation.
Women who are breastfeeding should not take Tibsovo because it may cause harm to a newborn baby.
Tibsovo must be dispensed with a patient Medication Guide that describes important information about the drug’s uses and risks.
The prescribing information for Tibsovo includes a boxed warning that an adverse reaction known as differentiation syndrome can occur and can be fatal if not treated.
Signs and symptoms of differentiation syndrome may include fever, difficulty breathing ( dyspnea ), acute respiratory distress, inflammation in the lungs ( radiographic pulmonary infiltrates ), fluid around the lungs or heart ( pleural or pericardial effusions ), rapid weight gain, swelling ( peripheral edema ) or liver, kidney or multi-organ dysfunction.
At first suspicion of symptoms, doctors should treat patients with corticosteroids and monitor patients closely until symptoms go away.
Other serious warnings include a QT prolongation, which can be life-threatening. Electrical activity of the heart should be tested with an electrocardiogram during treatment.
Guillain-Barré syndrome, a rare neurological disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks part of its peripheral nervous system, has happened in people treated with Tibsovo, so patients should be monitored for nervous system problems. ( Xagena )
Source: FDA, 2018
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